UCSB Hist 133D	Prof. Marcuse
The Holocaust in German History	Nov. 16, 1999

Lecture 14: Jewish Collaboration and Resistance

Preliminary
- midterm evaluation results
- two apologies: Babi Yar (in L 20), not all journals back
- Q3 next time: Anne Frank
Collaboration, Opposition, Resistance
- Calel Perechodnik, functionary inmates of Sobibor
- On the way to the gas chambers of Sobibor (quote from Thomas Blatt's book)
- Opposition vs. Resistance: the case of partisans and Jews
- Collaboration as resistance: the case of Rumkowski in Lodz [film: The Photographer]
- Spiritual and symbolic resistance
- The Warsaw ghetto uprising
  - 22 July 1942: start of deportations; pause in Jan. 1943 (60,000 remaining)
  - 300 Germans killed, 1000 wounded; 56,000 Jews killed, 4000 burned, 100 escaped
  - Consequences: Treblinka uprising on 2 August; Sobibor on 14 October
  - "Operation Harvest Festival" in Maidanek, Nov. 1943
Film clip 7-9 mins: 1968 documentary "Warsaw Ghetto," on the 1943 ghetto uprising
- Himmler did NOT plan to "level the ghetto" from the outset
Taxonomy of Behaviors from Active Perpetrator to Passive Victim

"Aryan" (on the "dishing out" side)	intermediate groups nations: Hungarians, Lithuanians; organized beliefs: Comm., Jeh. Witn.; behavioral: prostitutes, homosexuals	Jews, gypsies (on the "receiving" end)
active perpetrators: develop initiative to realize goals of system	resistor: actively works to destroy system role of moral principle (conscious risk and choice)	resistor: works to destroy system (also a survival strategy)
	altruist: takes risk to thwart system goals; ameliorates consequences	survivor: attempts to shape own fate, works to thwart aspects of system
passive: accepts and carries out dictates of others	someone who denies reality, "doesn't know"	victim: accepts own fate, does not take action