Music: Edwin Elgar (1857-1934), marches (Pomp & Circ.)

Why did the European powers want colonies?

1. Terms and definitions
   • Imperialism: 3 aspects (econ., polit., cult.)
     • technology, ideology and causality
   • Colonialism: different meanings
     • notion of penetration
   • The "three worlds"
     • quality vs. quantity
2. Break; film W & Th, 7pm, here
3. The Case of China
   • 1759-1842: "Canton system"
   • Balancing trade
     • 1800: 23.5 mio. lbs tea
     • 1810: -£28 mio. / 1828: +£38mio.
     • 1800: 4500->1839: 40,000 (2.1mio. addicts)
   • Lin Zexu's letter (text p. 833)
   • Opium War; Nanjing and "unequal treaties"
4. King Leopold II of Belgium (p. 858)

Kipling, 1898 conquest of Sudan
British promise to build a university:
(see also "White Man's Burden," 1899)

The do not consider the Meaning of Things;
They consult nor creed nor clan.
Behold, they clap the slave on the back,
And behold he ariseth a man!
They terribly carpet the earth with dead,
And before their cannon cool,
They walk unarmed by twos and threes
To call the living to school.

1. Scramble for Africa
   • role of technology
     • T, M, C (p. 852f)
   • 1875 watershed
     • 1878 Berlin Conference
   • John Rowlands aka Henry Morton Stanley
   • King Leopold of Belgium (r. 1865-1908)(p.858)
     • Adam Hochschild (1998)
     • Edmund Morel (1898)